What are the oltage limits of a battery?

oltage limits depending on discharge rates and temperature.For high-energy battery packs and systems, the constant current discharge rates range from C/3 to 1C, 2C and the maximum permitted C-rate specified by the manufacturer. The discharge has to be terminated at the manufacturer-specified discharge

How to test a battery module?

Where applicable, the electrolyte shall be at the level recommended by the manufacturer. The battery module shall be subjected to sinusoidal vibration for at an acceleration of 3 g in both the axis and a frequency of 30-150 Hz at a sweep rate of 1 octave per minute. Testing is to be carried out for 2 hours in each axis.

What are the requirements for electrolyte penetration test?

The rate of penetration shall be 8 cm/s nominal. The diameter of the rod and the depth of penetration as specified in clause 2.2.4.2. The orientation of the penetration shall be perpendicular to the electrode plates. The test should be run in an indoor facility in a container so as to collect the electrolyte from the safety point of view.

What is the unit for continuous driving a battery?

Unit: The unit of this parameter is W/kg and W/L, respectively. Condition: As a representative value for continuous driving the power capability for 180s at +25°C has been established. The value should be valid for SOC=100% to SOC=10% to ensure mobility over the entire state of charge range of a battery.

What temperature should a battery test be performed at?

and the maximum C-rate as permitted by the manufacturer. For high-energy battery packs and systems, the test must be performed at least at four different temperatures (40 °C, 0 °C, −10 °C and −18 °C) with the discharge rates C/3, 1

What is the temperature coefficient of variation for lead acid batteries?

The figure 0.006 represents the temperature coefficient of variation of capacity of 0.6 percent per °C for lead acid batteries. For other type of batteries, values to be declared by manufacturer shall be used.