Can Li metal batteries be used in low temperatures?

However, given the diversity of application scenarios, the practical applications of Li metal batteries still remain challenges, especially in extremely low temperatures. The drop in temperature largely reduces the capacity and lifespan of batteries due to sluggish Li-ion (Li +) transportation and uncontrollable Li plating behaviors.

What are the future development prospects of low-temperature Li metal batteries?

Most importantly, the future development prospects of low-temperature Li metal batteries are proposed from sustainable perspectives. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Abstract The emergence and development of lithium (Li) metal batteries shed light on satisfying the human desire for high-energy density beyond 400 Wh kg−1.

Are Li metal batteries safe and cyclable?

Great efforts are devoted to improving the safety and cyclability of such new-type batteries, and certain progress is successfully achieved. However, given the diversity of application scenarios, the practical applications of Li metal batteries still remain challenges, especially in extremely low temperatures.

How does low temperature affect lithium ion transport?

At low temperature, the increased viscosity of electrolyte leads to the poor wetting of batteries and sluggish transportation of Li-ion (Li +) in bulk electrolyte. Moreover, the Li + insertion/extraction in/from the electrodes, and solvation/desolvation at the interface are greatly slowed.

Are low-temperature lithium batteries safe?

However, the low-temperature Li metal batteries suffer from dendrite formation and dead Li resulting from uneven Li behaviors of flux with huge desolvation/diffusion barriers, thus leading to short lifespan and safety concern.

Can a low-temperature lithium battery be used as a ionic sieve?

Even decreasing the temperature down to −20 °C, the capacity-retention of 97% is maintained after 130 cycles at 0.33 C, paving the way for the practical application of the low-temperature Li metal battery. The porous structure of MOF itself, as an effective ionic sieve, can selectively extract Li + and provide uniform Li + flux.